PITVULIVE STANDARD · APBT
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Bell's Bandit3

Added on · Added by: Administrator

American Pit Bull Terrier

Profile at a glance
Breed
American Pit Bull Terrier
Sex
Female
Historical context

Pedigree Database record 1770372 lists Bell's Bandit3 in the published pedigree.

History & Bibliography

Full siblings Bell's Bandit2 Bell's Chopper

Direct offspring Brooks' Trixxy

Relatives sharing a sire Muff's John Gotti

Relatives →

PedigreeKnown positions: 18 / 510 · distinct ancestor records: 15

Facts and sources

PITVU · 01M7DGPQMJRN32MAANPVCWC6FM

Pedigree

Incomplete pedigree

Complete through G1 · G2 · Missing positions: 1/4

Known positions: 18/510 · Distinct ancestors: 15

Coverage by generation
  1. Generation 1
    Known
    2/2
  2. Generation 2
    Known
    3/4
    Not documented
    1
  3. Generation 3
    Known
    3/8
    Not documented
    5
  4. Generation 4
    Known
    5/16
    Not documented
    11
  5. Generation 5
    Known
    4/32
    Not documented
    28
  6. Generation 6
    Known
    1/64
    Not documented
    63
  7. Generation 7
    Known
    0/128
    Not documented
    128
  8. Generation 8
    Known
    0/256
    Not documented
    256
Hover over an ancestor to trace their branch. Select a card to pin the route.
What does ↻ mean?

↻ indicates an ancestor appearing in more than one branch. It is not a refresh action or a duplicate record.

  • Sire · G1 Bell's Jessie James01M766JKJQMENS8T1Y0V2YBABB

    Generations in this branch: 7
    Incomplete pedigree

    Known positions: 1/254 · Distinct ancestors: 1

    Source · 1
    • Sire · G2 Not established
      • Sire · G3 Not established
        • Sire · G4 Not established
          • Sire · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
          • Dam · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
        • Dam · G4 Not established
          • Sire · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
          • Dam · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
      • Dam · G3 Not established
        • Sire · G4 Not established
          • Sire · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
          • Dam · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
        • Dam · G4 Not established
          • Sire · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
          • Dam · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
    • Dam · G2 W.c.c.'s Betty Lou01M78XV3RJVBAQW1NPRBK63907

      Generations in this branch: 6
      No ancestors recorded in this view

      Known positions: 0/126 · Distinct ancestors: 0

      Source · 1
      • Sire · G3 Not established
        • Sire · G4 Not established
          • Sire · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
          • Dam · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
        • Dam · G4 Not established
          • Sire · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
          • Dam · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
      • Dam · G3 Not established
        • Sire · G4 Not established
          • Sire · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
          • Dam · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
        • Dam · G4 Not established
          • Sire · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
          • Dam · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
  • Dam · G1 Bell's Oreo01M7DGQRMW6DPDQKY4ARD321XM

    Generations in this branch: 7
    Incomplete pedigree

    Known positions: 15/254 · Distinct ancestors: 12

    Source · 1
    • Sire · G2 Dogg Pound's Nitro01M7726T2T3ZX28MEYYCXJX05B

      Generations in this branch: 6
      Incomplete pedigree

      Known positions: 3/126 · Distinct ancestors: 3

      Source · 1
      • Sire · G3 Not established
        • Sire · G4 Not established
          • Sire · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
          • Dam · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
        • Dam · G4 Not established
          • Sire · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
          • Dam · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
      • Dam · G3 Man's Crazy Tippi01M774X7P5PJFBS30CX212BNYN

        Generations in this branch: 5
        Incomplete pedigree

        Known positions: 2/62 · Distinct ancestors: 2

        Source · 1
        • Sire · G4 Boyle's Mr Rogers01M774X97NM30CDY54W58RJ72W ↻

          Generations in this branch: 4
          Incomplete pedigree

          Known positions: 1/30 · Distinct ancestors: 1

          Source · 1
          • Sire · G5 Holland's Cherokee Chief01M740SDHX8JQRQWCY8378BHVB ↻

            Generations in this branch: 3
            No ancestors recorded in this view

            Known positions: 0/14 · Distinct ancestors: 0

            Source · 1
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
          • Dam · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
        • Dam · G4 Not established
          • Sire · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
          • Dam · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
    • Dam · G2 Scoates Georgia01M7DGQRZ93QHF76M5QYFP4WH5

      Generations in this branch: 6
      Incomplete pedigree

      Known positions: 10/126 · Distinct ancestors: 9

      Source · 1
      • Sire · G3 Scoates' Ace of Spades01M77F85RZV4ZRXMD3KFZWTZPZ

        Generations in this branch: 5
        Incomplete pedigree

        Known positions: 4/62 · Distinct ancestors: 4

        Source · 1
        • Sire · G4 W.c.c. Right Hand Man01M774XJ86EH9ZG0RWZXWWBB1V

          Generations in this branch: 4
          No ancestors recorded in this view

          Known positions: 0/30 · Distinct ancestors: 0

          Source · 1
          • Sire · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
          • Dam · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
        • Dam · G4 Boyle's Twiggy01M77GYBVZQKQ4ST7EG1003XAG

          Generations in this branch: 4
          Incomplete pedigree

          Known positions: 2/30 · Distinct ancestors: 2

          Source · 1
          • Sire · G5 Boyle's Mr Rogers01M774X97NM30CDY54W58RJ72W ↻

            Generations in this branch: 3
            Incomplete pedigree

            Known positions: 1/14 · Distinct ancestors: 1

            Source · 1
            • Sire · G6 Holland's Cherokee Chief01M740SDHX8JQRQWCY8378BHVB ↻

              Generations in this branch: 2
              No ancestors recorded in this view

              Known positions: 0/6 · Distinct ancestors: 0

              Source · 1
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
          • Dam · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
      • Dam · G3 Mans Red Gold01M773V9VDJAPBP82ZHRADQPNA

        Generations in this branch: 5
        Incomplete pedigree

        Known positions: 4/62 · Distinct ancestors: 4

        Source · 1
        • Sire · G4 Boyles Clyde the Undertaker01M72WTRA3P6QZSRDQWVRBECG0

          Generations in this branch: 4
          Incomplete pedigree

          Known positions: 1/30 · Distinct ancestors: 1

          Source · 1
          • Sire · G5 Boyles' Ch Bobby Jr01M72WV5MMYKSSWZX7KKEFWH7D

            Generations in this branch: 3
            No ancestors recorded in this view

            Known positions: 0/14 · Distinct ancestors: 0

            Source · 1
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
          • Dam · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
        • Dam · G4 Boyle's Lugnut01M773VBBJ0RB1X02HQTHZP7MS

          Generations in this branch: 4
          Incomplete pedigree

          Known positions: 1/30 · Distinct ancestors: 1

          Source · 1
          • Sire · G5 Holland's Cherokee Chief01M740SDHX8JQRQWCY8378BHVB ↻

            Generations in this branch: 3
            No ancestors recorded in this view

            Known positions: 0/14 · Distinct ancestors: 0

            Source · 1
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
          • Dam · G5 Not established
            • Sire · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
            • Dam · G6 Not established
              • Sire · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established
              • Dam · G7 Not established
                • Sire · G8 Not established
                • Dam · G8 Not established

Offspring

NameSex
Brooks' Trixxy-

Pedigree completeness

Displayed generations: 8 · Complete through generation: 1 · Known positions: 18/510 (3.53%)

Incomplete pedigree

GenerationKnown / positionsCompleteness
G12 / 2100.00%
G23 / 475.00%
G33 / 837.50%
G45 / 1631.25%
G54 / 3212.50%
G61 / 641.56%
G70 / 1280.00%
G80 / 2560.00%

Top 15 ancestors by pedigree contribution

Each occurrence in generation n contributes 100 / 2ⁿ. Only displayed public links are used; unknown and disputed positions are excluded without renormalizing. Rows do not sum to 100% and are not DNA measurements or COI.

G8

#NameContributionOccurrencesGenerations
1Bell's Jessie James50.00%1G1
2Bell's Oreo50.00%1G1
3Dogg Pound's Nitro25.00%1G2
4Scoates Georgia25.00%1G2
5W.c.c.'s Betty Lou25.00%1G2
6Man's Crazy Tippi12.50%1G3
7Mans Red Gold12.50%1G3
8Scoates' Ace of Spades12.50%1G3
9Boyle's Mr Rogers9.38%2G4, G5
10Holland's Cherokee Chief7.81%3G5, G6
11Boyle's Lugnut6.25%1G4
12Boyle's Twiggy6.25%1G4
13Boyles Clyde the Undertaker6.25%1G4
14W.c.c. Right Hand Man6.25%1G4
15Boyles' Ch Bobby Jr3.13%1G5

Relatives

Full siblings 2

Direct offspring 1

Relatives sharing a sire 1

Historical dossiers

Research dossier

Pedigree Database record 1770372 lists Bell's Bandit3 in the published pedigree.

  1. Published catalogue record

    Source-reported

    Pedigree Database record 1770372 lists Bell's Bandit3 in the published pedigree.

    Source · scale-pedigreedatabase-1770372-20261107
Bibliography

Bibliography

  1. Bell's Bandit3 — Pedigree Database profile ID 1770372

    Pedigree Database · Catalog record · Accessed

    Single published contributor catalogue record and its individual public profile with explicit APBT description. Original public HTML SHA256 548b04810e884f7bc73195d2c06def8dbe41d5dad0a35e3ded9baa90e32720fc. Retained as source-reported; no independent certification, accepted genealogy, legal ownership, title classification or photograph permission is inferred.

  2. Brooks' Flipper — Pedigree Database profile ID 1579859

    Pedigree Database · Catalog record · Accessed

    Single published contributor catalogue record and its individual public profile with explicit APBT description. Original public HTML SHA256 5c0908660e1ed33b98df0b80ff1c3d2327c61a9773767b8d0d9b2b859c58ee85. Retained as source-reported; no independent certification, accepted genealogy, legal ownership, title classification or photograph permission is inferred.

Revision 3 · · Published
Sources and review details

Historical dog record

Reported evidence

Publication identifies a historical dog; it does not verify ancestry.

Historical notes

Editorial notes are retained in their original language.

Explicit public Pedigree Database record profile ID 1770372. Contributor-reported only, no accepted scalars, award or media inference.

Reported aliases:

Public historical citations

Source-reported parents

Reported claims remain outside the accepted pedigree and COI until independently reviewed.

Registry claims and verification

REGISTRATION PROVENANCE

Claims & verification

No primary registration claims recorded.

Recorded aliases

No independently reviewed aliases recorded.

PARENTAGE EVIDENCE

Every claim has a source.

No independently reviewed parentage recorded.

Source references and original documents are private. Verification is a recorded human review, not a guarantee of biological ancestry.